Monopoly of the United States Postal Service

Restraining infrastructure of the United States Postal Service A syndication is a market framework where one provider has order over the entire or almost the whole market. The provider in this manner can direct the market in support of him. The capacity to direct can be on costs, bundling and administration conveyance among others (Money, 2011). This paper talks about the United States postal help in its ability as a monopoly.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Monopoly of the United States Postal Service explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United States Postal Service The United States Postal Service was built up in 1775 by the then mainland congress. A post ace general was named who successfully planned the postal administrations in the intrigue the Americans’ government assistance. The congress afterwards coordinated the extension of the postal assistance to incorporate the costal and western districts. The development of administrations proceeded with later. The entrance to the postal ass istance was improved during the mid nineteenth century when the congress brought down the mailing rates making the administration increasingly moderate and available. This was trailed by the acquaintance of mail conveyances with entryway ventures at definitely no expense. Another help, the package post was presented by the â€Å"post office department† in the year 1913. The postal office was then granted an imposing business model by the congress to shield it from private firms which could specifically offer types of assistance based on gainfulness. Further enactments have since been made to upgrade the administration conveyance of the division that is as of now known as the United States postal assistance. The postal assistance turned into a restraining infrastructure under the enactment of the congress. This imposing business model was framed by an authoritative demonstration and not by any merger. It can along these lines be said to have been framed normally (USPS, 2008). Effect of the Postal Service on the Market The postal help has had noteworthy effect in the American market. Its broad assistance that handles many billions of sends in a year has improved correspondence both in the social and monetary angles. The postal help gave a methods for correspondence among elements extending from mail conveyances to cash moves. This had an effect of an encouraged correspondence among individuals and substances particularly before different methods of interchanges like the cell phones and the web were broadly evolved. It has likewise had negative effects in its administrations. There have in the past been clamors over expanded postal rates which can be ascribed to absence of rivalry (Gale, 2011) Being framed by an enactment of the congress, the postal help can be named an administration restraining infrastructure. Government imposing business models are those restraining infrastructures that are built up because of enactment passed by an administration to en sure a given market. For its situation the United States postal help was built up as a restraining infrastructure to shield it from private financial specialists who might be particular in administration conveyance with benefit as the directing component and not arrangement of the fundamental administrations to individuals (USPS, 2008).Advertising Looking for investigate paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The postal help can be believed to have a widely dispersed system everywhere throughout the United States. The gracefully of its administrations is in this way not constrained as one of its legitimate command is the administration conveyance to the residents (USPS, 2008). Geddes clarifies that as any state claimed imposing business model, the postal help on occasion offer costs that are roar sensible so as to compel private contenders out of the market. This should be possible regardless o f whether its net impact is a shortfall to the state collaboration (Geddes, 2003). The postal help doesn't straightforwardly separate on costs however had in before years been blamed for backhanded segregation of offering specific administrations to below average mailers at no additional charge (FTP, n.d.). References FTP. (n.d.) Post Office. FTP Resource. Recovered from: web. Storm. (2011). US Postal Service. Business High Beam. Web. Geddes, R. (2003). Open doors for Anticompetitive Behavior in Postal Services. American Entreprise Institute for Public Policy Research. Recovered from: aei.org/Money. ( 2011). Restraining infrastructure. Cash Terms. Recovered from: https://moneyterms.co.uk/USPS. (2008). Widespread Service and the Postal Monopoly. US Postal Services. Recovered from: https://www.usps.com/Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Monopoly of the United States Postal Service explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Implementation and Evaluation Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Usage and Evaluation Plan - Assignment Example During getting ready for the usage procedure, accuracy of important subtleties and centered execution is of quintessence. There are different methodologies which have been fronted by numerous clinical specialists and researchers as being compelling in this procedure (Canadian Council on Smoking and Health, 2003). As has been noted in before conversation, viable end mediations for tobacco related issues require a human services office based program, which was approximated to take at least at any rate a month and a half. This would join different strategies and instruments to aid the execution procedure. While completing this arrangement, the interest of all partners is of more noteworthy significance since possessing of any program by those influenced is one certain method for guaranteeing it is very much actualized. The execution plan would make the accompanying strides: Determining the principal program and type that should be tended to Here, the suspension mediation projects will c onsider the three most significant sorts of picking up change. These eventual the attention with the impacts and need of changing the conduct, strong condition that would guarantee the medical attendants are not pulled in to smoking and are empowered by the endeavors, and the adjustment in way of life for these medical caretakers to begin considering some to be their ordinary practices as really being irregular. This execution part necessitates that the wellbeing office distinguishes before usage the qualities and pertinent shortcomings of the medical caretakers to guaranteeing that the above parts of progress are figured it out. For this situation, we exploit the qualities that these smoking attendants need to adjust to change by utilizing them to vanquish their shortcomings. This is on the grounds that the usage program is equipped towards ensuring that we have a drawn out impact and change in conduct in that the suspension would last more (Royal College of Nursing, 2002). While m aking mindfulness; the degree of mindfulness for members is expanded by making an enthusiasm for the theme. For this situation, pamphlets, wellbeing fairs, banners and testing for harmful levels could be figured it out. This just works by persuading the medical attendants to go to the intercession program. In way of life change, the conduct of the member is changed. This will be done through alteration forms, expertise working to handle the desire for smoking and utilizing the experiential learning forms. This sort of usage practice ought to be done all through the period apportioned for the mediation program. Steady condition will be given in order to guarantee that a long haul, solid and continued way of life is accomplished by these medical attendants. This will be executed by putting a lot of accentuation Determination of the degree of force of the intercession program In the usage procedure, the degree of power where the mediation program is being completed will help in the ass urance of the level of accomplishment, and this is influenced by the measure of assets set up, time that has been distributed for such an activity, and the HR accessible in the doing of the procedure. It is normal that the degree of mindfulness for medical attendants going to the mediation for discontinuance of smoking probably won't be high since the majority of the attendants may accept they definitely know enough. In any case, it is visualized that since an empowering domain that supports change of conduct would have been set up, including best exercise offices, arrangement of sound nourishments

12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America - 275 Words

12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Institution: Instructor: Due date:12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America is an article that has been put forward by Ellis Close. The main objective of the article is to provide the black male population on how to successfully survive and succeed in America. The author commences the feature with imagery where he compares the black male people born in America to individuals who are shackled and challenged to escape. The shackles represents the history of the African American people who were held as slaves in the past (Close 192). According to the author, the modern society of America is not similar to traditional society where the black people were forbidden from expressing their dreams and ambitions and/ or were forced to constant humiliation and taking the inferior roles in all civilized areas. Close further notes that although the trends of the past have changed, this does not insinuate that the African American people are at the verge of att aining it all; rather it means that they have the capacity to develop their own realities unlike their forefathers (Close 192). He likens this state as the difference between an individual entering a battle ring with both hands tied behind their backs (forefathers) and another entering the battle ring with one hand opened free. In his opinion, in order to thrive and survive in such scenario is to ensure the one hand is used twice as well as an op... 12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America - 275 Words 12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Institution: Instructor: Due date:12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America is an article that has been put forward by Ellis Close. The main objective of the article is to provide the black male population on how to successfully survive and succeed in America. The author commences the feature with imagery where he compares the black male people born in America to individuals who are shackled and challenged to escape. The shackles represents the history of the African American people who were held as slaves in the past (Close 192). According to the author, the modern society of America is not similar to traditional society where the black people were forbidden from expressing their dreams and ambitions and/ or were forced to constant humiliation and taking the inferior roles in all civilized areas. Close further notes that although the trends of the past have changed, this does not insinuate that the African American people are at the verge of att aining it all; rather it means that they have the capacity to develop their own realities unlike their forefathers (Close 192). He likens this state as the difference between an individual entering a battle ring with both hands tied behind their backs (forefathers) and another entering the battle ring with one hand opened free. In his opinion, in order to thrive and survive in such scenario is to ensure the one hand is used twice as well as an op...

Definition and Examples of Surface Structure in Grammar

In transformational and generative grammar, surface structure is the outward form of a sentence. In contrast to deep structure (an abstract representation of a sentence), surface structure corresponds to the version of a sentence that can be spoken and heard. A modified version of the concept of surface  structure is called  S-structure. In transformational grammar, deep structures are generated by phrase-structure rules, and surface structures are derived from deep structures by a series of transformations. In  The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar  (2014), Aarts et al. point out that, in a looser sense, deep and surface structure are often used as terms in a simple binary opposition, with the deep structure representing  meaning, and the surface structure being the actual sentence we see. The terms  deep structure  and  surface structure  were popularized in the 1960s and 70s by American  linguist  Noam Chomsky. In recent years, notes Geoffrey Finch, the terminology has changed:  Deep and surface structure have become D and S structure, principally because the original terms seemed to imply some sort of qualitative evaluation; deep suggested profound, whilst surface was too close to superficial. Nevertheless, the principles of transformational grammar still remain very much alive in contemporary linguistics (Linguistic Terms and Concepts, 2000). Examples and Observations The surface structure of a sentence is the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to the phonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure of the sentence we articulate and hear. This two-level conception of grammatical structure is still widely held, though it has been much criticized in recent generative studies. An alternative conception is to relate surface structure directly to a semantic level of representation, bypassing deep structure altogether.  The term surface grammar is sometimes used as an informal term for the superficial properties of the sentence.(David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6th ed. Wiley, 2011)A deep structure is . . . the underlying form of a sentence, before rules like auxiliary inversion and wh-fronting apply. After all raisings apply, plus relevant morphological and phonological rules (as for forms of do), the result . . . is the linear, con crete, surface structure of sentences, ready to be given phonetic form.(Grover Hudson, Essential Introductory Linguistics. Blackwell, 2000)Surface Structure Cues and StrategiesThe surface structure of the sentence often provides  a number of obvious cues to the underlying syntactic representation. One obvious approach is to use these cues and a number of simple strategies that enable us to compute the syntactic structure. The earliest detailed expositions of this idea were by Bever (1970) and Fodor and Garrett (1967). These researchers detailed a number of parsing strategies that used only syntactic cues. Perhaps the simplest example is that when we see or hear a determiner such as the or a, we know a noun phrase has just started. A second example is based on the observation that although word order is variable in English, and transformations such as passivization can change it, the common structure noun-verb-noun often maps on to what is called the  canonical sentence structure SVO (subject-verb-object). That is, in most sentences we hear or read, the first noun is the subject, and the second one the object.  In fact, if we made use of this strategy we could get a long way in comprehension. We try the simpler strategies first, and if they do not work, we try other ones.(Trevor A. Harley,  The Psychology of Language: From Data to Theory,  4th ed. Psychology Press,  2014)Chomsky on Deep and Surface Structures[T]he generative grammar of a language specifies an infinite set of structural descriptions, each of which contains a deep structure, a surface structure, a phonetic representation, a semantic representation, and other formal structures. The rules relating deep and surface structures--the so-called grammatical transformations--have been investigated in some detail, and are fairly well understood. The rules that relate surface structures and phonetic representations are also reasonably well understood (though I do not want to imply that the matte r is beyond dispute: far from it). It seems that both deep and surface structures enter into the determination of meaning. Deep structure provides the grammatical relations of predication, modification, and so on, that enter into the determination of meaning. On the other hand, it appears that matters of focus and presupposition, topic and comment, the scope of logical elements, and pronominal reference are determined, in part at least, by surface structure. The rules that relate syntactic structures to representations of meaning are not at all well understood. In fact, the notion of representation of meaning or semantic representation is itself highly controversial. It is not clear at all that it is possible to distinguish sharply between the contribution of grammar to the determination of meaning, and the contribution of so-called pragmatic considerations, questions of fact and belief and context of utterance.(Noam Chomsky, lecture given in January 1969 at Gustavus Adolphus Colleg e in Minnesota. Rpt. in Language and Mind, 3rd ed. Cambridge University  Press, 2006)

George Washington Man, Myth, Legend Essay - 1193 Words

From cutting a cherry tree at the age of six to being the first president of the United States George Washington was a very influential man throughout his career. The topics of discussion will be his life before, during, and after his career, his major events, and the effects of his major events on the world. There shall be three subtopics amongst each main topic. For the first section, the subtopics are the importance of his birthdate and birthplace, childhood life, and his education. The second section’s subtopics will consist of the hardships and prospering of the American Revolution, the major battles of the American Revolution that George Washington was a major part of, and his presidency. And finally, the three subtopics used in†¦show more content†¦By the year 1776, George Washington had already become an American general and was placed in command of his own battalion of soldiers that he had fought with for many years. Therefore, during the American Revol ution, George Washington’s men had become very loyal to him and stuck with him in hardships even after being offered to go home. Most soldiers would have agreed to leave then and there, but not this courageous general’s soldiers. Although, it was not just George that had loyal men but George had managed to have the most loyal men in the Continental Army. After the beginning of the American Revolution, the Continental Army had been taking a beating from the British Army. Now, there were some major battles during the American Revolution, some of which was the Battle of Chelsea Creek, the Battle of Long Island, and the Battle of White Plains. The Battle of Chelsea Creek had a force of nine-hundred soldiers for America, led by George Washington himself, suffered from a miniscule zero dead, four wounded, and zero captured by the British. Even though the British didn’t suffer major casualties either, however, there casualties were two dead, 32 wounded, and zero captured. Now, this battle didn’t have many major fatalities, the Americans were able to push the British out of the area. However, this is where the tide changes for the first time. For theShow MoreRelated St. George Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesSt. George Saint George is both man and myth. He is considered â€Å"The Great Martyr† by the Greek Orthodox Church. He, in fact, did exist, and his chivalric character led to the allegorical fable of his slaying of the great dragon. There are no known birth or death dates for Saint George, but it is known that he was born in Cappadocia in Asia Minor, which is now Turkey, into a Christian family of noble lineage. 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The reelection of Abraham Lincoln in 1864 as President of the United States was one of the most significant events, yet the motivations that led to those actions and ideasRead MoreAmerican Treatment of Native Americans Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pageshow Americans split the Indians into small areas by isolating them and overran the land. Many Americans believed the murder of Indians in order to rid white men of the burden of red men was right and justified. This was best described in George Washington Manypenny’s book, Our Indian Wards, where he stated, â€Å"All Indian men are to be killed whenever and wherever you can find them† (177). When a tribe was destroyed, the conquerors would take the land and add the land to his country, such as what

Shouldice Hospital Case Solution Essay Example For Students

Shouldice Hospital Case Solution Essay Q. What are the unique features of Shouldice’s services, as compared to that of a typical hospital? A. The hospital focused on this new procedure for treatment of external types of abdominal hernias. Some differentiating features of the Shouldice process were the arranging of abdominal muscles into three distinct layers, reinforcing the abdominal wall with six rows of sutures and did not involve any insertion of screen and mesh under the skin. Beyond the surgical procedure, it was the service process of the hospital that differentiated it from others. †¢The patients were sedated in their rooms prior to being taken to the operating rooms. The hospital encouraged the patients to explore the premises, talk to other people about their problems and make new friends during their stay. †¢The patients were encouraged to move around freely even right after the operation. Lack of telephones or televisions in their rooms also encouraged patients to move about to take a call or watch television. †¢ Every square foot of the hospital was carpeted except the operating rooms to give a unique experience to the patients. Ministers were treated for free and parents accompanying children were allowed free stay. The unique process followed by the hospital helps it to better serve its patients. While the typical recurrence rate for the hernia approaches 10%, the gross recurrence rate for all operations performed at Shouldice was only 0. 8%. The average patient stay at Shouldice was 3-4 days, which was way below the normal 7-8 days for general hospitals. The patients needed 1-4 weeks of rest compared with 2-8 weeks for the general procedure. Compared with the $2,000-4,000 cost of the operation in general, the cost of the entire procedure at Shouldice was only around $900 (excluding travel). The customer orientation was rounded off by an annual reunion in mid-January where the doctors provided free checkup to its alumni. The medical staff was unique in the sense that most doctors were interested in having balanced personal and professional lives. Also, any doctor who patient returned with recurrence was asked to look into the case again. The nurse-to-patient ratio and housekeeping staff was low since patients needed minimal physical assistance. Employee turnover was also low since the hospital cared for its employees by not laying off anyone and giving bonuses. The administrative staff had working knowledge of others’ tasks and helped each other out whenever needed. Using the concept of Customer-Contact Matrix, we believe that Shouldice Hospital fits into the Hybrid Office Category. The three main characteristics of a Hybrid Office have been briefly explained in light of Shouldice Hospital’s features: †¢A Hybrid Office has moderate levels of customer contact and standard services with some options from which the customer chooses. In Shouldice, the doctors and administrative staff, though highly supportive of the patients, still spent much of their time in activities not involving interaction with the patient. †¢The workflow is complex and some customization exists in the process performance. To elaborate, every patient is unique and treatment requires some degree of customization to take this uniqueness into consideration. Further, there are 2 types of procedures depending on whether the case is a first-time case or a recurrence. †¢The sub-processes are repeated periodically as part of the parent process. For instance, patients exercise repeatedly and periodically at Shouldice as a part of their treatment process. Further special features include: †¢The treatment technique used for Hernia was much superior compared to others and included recreational activities that encouraged healthy environment for the patients’ quick recovery. The way the hospital handled patients is another feature. At all points of patient contact, hospital staff would be encouraging and improve the morale of the patient. They would be motivated to exercise by nurses and housekeepers. The hospital’s administrative structure was such nearly everyone had a working knowledge of others’ tasks and helped each other out rather than being involved in only specific tasks, unlike in other hospitals. The hospital’s concern for employees reflected in its low turnover also keeps employees and therefore patients satisfied. The facility, designed by Dr. Byrnes Shouldice, ensured that patients would have to walk and be mobile. Further, efforts were taken to ensure that the place did not seem like a hospital but had a more positive image in the eyes of the patients. Q. As Dr. Shouldice, what actions, if any, would you take to expand the hospital’s capacity? We describe the processes in an average day at Shouldice: PATIENT’S AVERAGE DAY- morning (6:45 am- 12:30 pm) Starting time: 6:45 am 7:25- 7:30 am 8:25am PATIENT’S AVERAGE DAY- afternoon (1 pm- 4 pm) CAPACITY CALCULATIONS Humanities Through the Arts: Artistic Criticism EssayThe hospital will be able to handle the problems of patients going to unqualified doctors since it will give such patients the option of coming directly to them. The service quality of the hospital cannot be maintained if it increases capacity at its current site and hence it must look to setup new facilities to maintain its standards and service more patients closer to their home. The capital cost incurred by the hospital can also be recovered within a period of 4 years by a small increase that the US patients were paying anyway. We feel that the management of Shouldice hospital should go with this option.

The Erosional and Depositional Landforms that Result from Rivers and Glaciers

The forces that the earth possesses have the ability of moving tectonic plates, in turn, creating volcanoes and ranges. These forces whose energy is obtained from the sun, have the ability of destroying mountain chains. This paper aims at discussing numerous erosional and depositional landforms, which appeared as a result of glaciers and rivers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Erosional and Depositional Landforms that Result from Rivers and Glaciers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the erosional landforms are arete, cirque, col, groove, hanging valley, headwall, horn, paternoster lakes, striations, tarn, truncated spur, and u- shaped valley (Peizhen, Peter and William 894). An arete refers to a bedrock ridge that has sharp edges and steep sides. It is formed of two glaciers, which are located on opposite sides of the ridge. A col refers to a little spot that is found either on an arà ªte or cirque. A cirque is a bedrock feature, which can be either in the form of amphitheater or it can be semicircular-shaped. They are formed when glaciers are scouring in the mountains. The ice that leads to the development of the glacier accumulates here first. In other words, a cirque is glacier’s headwaters. The headwall is a cirque’s steep back- wall (Benn et al 380). Paternoster lakes refer to a long sequence of lakes, which are found in a glacial valley. A horn refers to a mountain peak, which is shaped like a pyramid, and which appears as a result of erosion of several glaciers at various sides of a mountain. A tarn refers to a glacial lake, which is formed as a result of scouring. Tarns are usually common in cirques. A truncated spur refers to a split, which is created as glaciers are forming valley. A U- shaped valley is also referred to as a glacial trough, and it is a valley that is eroded glacially. There are several types of moraines, which constitute depositional land forms. A moraine refers to the collection of unconsolidated materials, which result from glaciers. The various types of moraines have different appearances (Fort 107). In end moraines, the material gathers at the schnozzle end. In ground moraines, the material gathers right under the glacier’s foundation. Finally, in medial moraines, the moraine is at the middle and its top. Apart from moraines, other depositional landforms include esker, kame, and outwash fan. A kame is a hillock with an irregular shape. An outwash fan refers to a braided stream, which begins from the front side of a glacier (Milton 4040).Advertising Looking for essay on geology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As opposed to a river, a glacier entirely fills a valley. Therefore, a glacier possesses more eroding power. It is not necessarily that a glacier winds around intertwining spurs. Moreover, its valleys can be subjected to other transformations. A misfit stream refers to an extremely minute stream at a glacial trough’s bottom, which is usually too minute to form the valley. In conclusion, it must be highlighted that there are various types of erosional and depositional landforms that are associated with the creation of glaciers and rivers. Their study is extremely vital taking into consideration the continuous formation of volcanoes. In order to comprehend rivers and glaciers, there is a need to study them comprehensively. This allows the differentiation of minute and stringent characteristics and features. In this regard, geologists have a demanding role in ensuring differentiation of the various landforms. Works Cited Benn, Douglas I., et al. â€Å"Glaciated valley land systems.† Glacial landsystems (2003): 372-406. Print. Fort, Monique. â€Å"Glaciers and mass wasting processes: their influence on the shaping of the Kali Gandaki valley (higher Himalaya of Nepal).† Quaternary International 65 (2000): 1 01-119. Print. Milton, Daniel J. â€Å"Water and processes of degradation in the Martian landscape.†Journal of Geophysical Research 78.20 (1973): 4037-4047. Print. Peizhen, Zhang, Peter Molnar, and William R. Downs.†Increased sedimentation rates and grain sizes 2–4 Myr ago due to the influence of climate change on erosion rates.†Nature 410.6831 (2001): 891-897. Print. This essay on The Erosional and Depositional Landforms that Result from Rivers and Glaciers was written and submitted by user Ares to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

USS Yorktown (CV-5) in World War II

USS Yorktown (CV-5) in World War II USS Yorktown - Overview: Nation: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock CompanyLaid Down: May 21, 1934Launched: April 4, 1936Commissioned: September 30, 1937Fate: Sunk June 7, 1942 USS Yorktown - Specifications: Displacement: 25,500 tonsLength: 824 ft., 9 in.Beam: 109 ft.Draft: 25 ft., 11.5 in.Propulsion: 9 Ãâ€" Babcock Wilcox boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Parsons geared turbines, 4 Ãâ€" screwsSpeed: 32.5 knotsRange: 14,400 nautical miles at 15 knotsComplement: 2,217 men USS Yorktown - Armament: 8 Ãâ€" 5 in./38 cal., 4 Ãâ€" Quad 1.1 in./75 cal., 24 Ãâ€" 20mm Oerlikon guns, 24 Ãâ€" .50 caliber machine guns Aircraft 90 aircraft USS Yorktown - Construction: In the years after World War I, the US Navy began experimenting with various designs for aircraft carriers. A new type of warship, its first carrier, USS Langley (CV-1), was a converted collier that possessed a flush deck design (no island). This effort was followed by USS Lexington (CV-2) and USS Saratoga (CV-3) which were built using hulls intended for battlecruisers. Large vessels, these ships had sizable air groups and large islands. Late in the 1920s, design work commenced on the US Navys first purpose-built carrier, USS Ranger (CV-4). Though smaller than Lexington and Saratoga, Rangers more efficient use of space permitted it to carry a similar number of aircraft. As these early carriers entered service, the US Navy and the Naval War College conducted several assessments and war games through which they hoped to determine the ideal carrier design. These studies determined that speed and torpedo protection were of major importance and that a large air group was desirable as it offered greater operational flexibility. They also concluded that carriers employing islands had superior control over their air groups, were better able to clear exhaust smoke, and could better direct their defensive armament. Trials at sea also found that larger carriers were more capable of operating in difficult weather conditions than smaller vessels such as Ranger. Though the US Navy initially preferred a design displacing around 27,000 tons, due to the limitations imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty, it instead opted for one that provided the desired attributes but only weighed around 20,000 tons. Embarking an air group of approximately 90 aircraft, this design offered a top speed 32.5 knots. Laid down at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company on May 21, 1934, USS Yorktown was the lead ship of the new class and the first large purpose-built aircraft carrier constructed for the US Navy. Sponsored by First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, the carrier entered the water nearly two years later on April 4, 1936. Work on Yorktown was completed the following year and the vessel was commissioned at the nearby Norfolk Operating Base on September 20, 1937. Commanded by Captain Ernest D. McWhorter, Yorktown finished fitting out and began training exercises off Norfolk. USS Yorktown - Joining the Fleet: Departing the Chesapeake in January 1938, Yorktown steamed south to conduct its shakedown cruise in the Caribbean. Over the next several weeks it touched at Puerto Rico, Haiti, Cuba, and Panama. Returning to Norfolk, Yorktown underwent repairs and modifications to address issues that had arisen during the voyage. Made flagship of Carrier Division 2, it took part in Fleet Problem XX in February 1939. A massive war game, the exercise simulated an attack on the East Coast of the United States. In the course of the action, both Yorktown and its sister ship, USS Enterprise, performed well. After a brief refit at Norfolk, Yorktown received orders to join the Pacific Fleet. Departing in April 1939, the carrier passed through the Panama Canal before arriving at its new base in San Diego, CA. Conducting routine exercises through the remainder of the year, it took part in Fleet Problem XXI in April 1940. Conducted around Hawaii, the war game simulated a defense of the islands as well as practiced a variety of strategies and tactics which later would be used during World War II. That same month, Yorktown received new RCA CXAM radar equipment. USS Yorktown - Back to the Atlantic: With World War II already raging in Europe and the Battle of the Atlantic underway, the United States began active efforts to enforce its neutrality in the Atlantic. As a result, Yorktown was ordered back to the Atlantic Fleet in April 1941. Taking part in neutrality patrols, the carrier operated between Newfoundland and Bermuda to prevent attacks by German u-boats. After completing one of these patrols, Yorktown put into Norfolk on December 2. Remaining in port, the carriers crew learned of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor five days later. USS Yorktown - World War II Begins: Having received new Oerlikon 20 mm anti-aircraft guns, Yorktown sailed for the Pacific on December 16. Reaching San Diego at the end of the month, the carrier became the flagship of Rear Admiral Frank J. Fletchers Task Force 17 (TF17). Departing on January 6, 1942, TF17 escorted a convoy of Marines to reinforce American Samoa. Completing this task, it united with Vice Admiral William Halseys TF8 (USS Enterprise) for strikes against the Marshall and Gilbert Islands. Nearing the target area, Yorktown launched mix of F4F Wildcat fighters, SBD Dauntless dive bombers, and TBD Devastator torpedo bombers on February 1. Striking targets on Jaluit, Makin, and Mili, Yorktowns aircraft inflicted some damage but were hampered by poor weather. Completing this mission, the carrier returned to Pearl Harbor for replenishment. Putting back to sea later in February, Fletcher had orders to take TF17 to the Coral Sea to operate in conjunction with Vice Admiral Wilson Browns TF11 (Lexington). Though initially tasked with striking Japanese shipping at Rabaul, Brown redirected the carriers efforts to Salamaua-Lae, New Guinea after enemy landings in that area. US aircraft hit targets in the region on March 10. USS Yorktown - Battle of the Coral Sea: In the wake of this raid, Yorktown remained in the Coral Sea until April when it withdrew to Tonga to resupply. Departing late in month, it rejoined Lexington after the commander-in-chief of the Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester Nimitz obtained intelligence regarding a Japanese advance against Port Moresby. Entering the area, Yorktown and Lexington took part in the Battle of the Coral Sea on May 4-8. In the course of the fighting, American aircraft sank the light carrier Shoho and badly damaged the carrier Shokaku. In exchange, Lexington was lost after being hit by a mix of bombs and torpedoes. As Lexington was under attack, Yorktowns skipper, Captain Elliot Buckmaster, was able to evade eight Japanese torpedoes but saw his ship take a severe bomb hit. Returning to Pearl Harbor, it was estimated that it would take three months to fully repair the damage. Due to new intelligence which indicated that Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto intended to attack Midway in early June, Nimitz directed that only emergency repairs be made in order the return Yorktown to sea as quickly as possible. As a result, Fletcher departed Pearl Harbor on May 30, only three days after arriving. USS Yorktown - Battle of Midway: Coordinating with Rear Admiral Raymond Spruances TF16 (USS Enterprise USS Hornet), TF17 took part in the pivotal Battle of Midway on June 4-7. On June 4, Yorktowns aircraft sank the Japanese carrier Soryu while other American aircraft destroyed the carriers Kaga and Akagi. Later in the day, the sole remaining Japanese carrier, Hiryu, launched its aircraft. Locating Yorktown, they scored three bomb hits, one of which caused damage to the ships boilers slowing it to six knots. Quickly moving to contain fires and repair damage, the crew restored Yorktowns power and got the ship underway. Around two hours after the first attack, torpedo planes from Hiryu hit Yorktown with torpedoes. Wounded, Yorktown lost power and began listing to port. Though damage control parties were able to put out the fires, they could not halt the flooding. With Yorktown in danger of capsizing, Buckmaster ordered his men to abandon ship. A resilient vessel, Yorktown remained afloat through the night and the next day efforts began to salvage the carrier. Taken under tow by USS Vireo, Yorktown was further aided by the destroyer USS Hammann which came alongside to provide power and pumps. The salvage efforts began to show progress through the day as the carriers list was decreased. Unfortunately, as work continued, the Japanese submarine I-168 slipped through Yorktowns escorts and fired four torpedoes around 3:36 PM. Two struck Yorktown while another hit and sank Hammann. After chasing off the submarine and collecting survivors, American forces determined that Yorktown could not be saved. At 7:01 AM on June 7, the carrier capsized and sank. Selected Sources DANFS: USS Yorktown (CV-5)NHHC: USS YorktownThe Fighting Yorktown

Relection writing refer to group work in legal skills course Essay

Relection writing refer to group work in legal skills course - Essay Example Most importantly, they must work closely with the clients they serves. Therefore I see the need to rise above myself and learn to interact with people. As I join a student firm, I know that I can perform various tasks like collaborating with others to reach certain goals, share information, and cultivate relationships. Following the Belbin theory on Team Roles, I know that I can also determine my distinctive contribution to my group, and at this moment I feel my giving stress to being an implementer, a vital cog in team work. Last year was my freshman year’s first encounter with a group. I recall how I tried to find a place in my student firm. We did various tasks which taught me a lot, particularly in making concrete the abstract legal skills learned through readings and lectures. However, I think that we could have done better, achieved desired outcomes such as in exercises in doing interviews and negotiating with other firms. But there were behavioural difficulties in the t eam. Of course, theorists on organizational behaviour like Keith Davis say that no one can be totally blamed for failures in an organizational setting. Team efforts, he noted, result in team results. And so, I think this was precisely our main difficulty—we were not fully a team. Individually, we were too conscious of protecting our self image and self esteem. And feeling threatened by problems which faced us, teamwork did not fully surface. Of course, the desirable outcomes could have been achieved. And Davis says conflicts should not be bad at all for organized groupings. It can stir a search for approaches to get the desired results, also allow problems to become more crystal clear so that these can be faced and resolved. But this was not the case last year. Our conflicts caused the issues to become muddled. We could not face what were unknown and so we could not fully resolve them. In my joining a group this year, my team members and myself seemed better prepared for team building and team success. In spite of the failure of most firms during freshman year, there is a common agreement among my classmates that we are no longer greenhorns this year. We can learn from whatever mistakes we made, and build on the failures last year. Naming our firm came to my group as the great test to the social process of group dynamics which we were tasked to do. And we were prepared this time to forming a firm with scientific tools for learning the different roles we can play. We also assumed different kinds of leadership which can be listed under the Belbin theory of Team Roles namely: as Plant, Monitor Evaluator, Coordinator, Resource Inventory Communicator, Implementer, Complete Finisher, Team workers, Shaper or Specialist. And through our group interactions, we disproved a mathematical logic by showing that â€Å"two plus two equals three.† Our firm did have individual members who can be singly counted and added to form the whole team. However, our relatio nship was an added factor to count such that the team, aside from the individuals, was an additional count. Of course, I have much to thank my group members, especially our chairperson who proved to be an able Coordinator. He led us to focus together on work objectives, drew out our individual strengths, and delegated work. Reflecting on myself as being naturally silent and shy, my Coordinator delegated me with tasks which I could well perform. More importantly, the whole team gave me a listening ear and accepted my

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Operations Management - Essay Example e continuous improvement as a never-ending process, emphasis should be given on restaurant staff, equipment, suppliers, materials (such as ingredients) and processes. Walter Shewhart has developed a circular model PDCA which can be used as a tool for continuous improvement. Another approach which Nok can adopt to emphasis on continuous improvement is to create a small team of 8-12 employees which is known as quality circles. Nok can provide the team with the required tools and techniques through which they can identify the problems and make the required changes to solve the problem (Mahadevan, 2010). The major problem which Nok has realised that she will face is the varying demand of the customers, which will not also result in unavailability of various ingredients but will also result in wastage of unused items. Therefore, the first mission of quality circle will be to determine how to predict the demand of customers rightly and how to ensure just-in-time inventory or stock. In order to determine the solutions to the above mentioned problem, the team should meet at least twice a week for 60-90 minutes to determine the number of customers visited the restaurant during the week and the items that were requested from the menu and the ingredients that wer e used. Once the quality circle gets able to solve this problem, then and only then any problem can be approached. In this way, by using these two quality management approaches, Nok will be better able to improve and ensure the quality of its products/services. Although quality management team or quality circle will be able to determine the areas where the improvements can be made to reduce the defects and problems, however, to understand the root cause of the problem, using Cause and Effect (Fishbone) Diagram can be very significant. Since the ultimate aim of excellent operations management is to achieve the customer satisfaction, therefore, to assess the quality provided by the restaurant and to analyse the

African Americans and the Prison System Essay Example for Free

African Americans and the Prison System Essay I. Introduction In the book the Mugging of Black America, Earl Ofari Hutchinson relays an interesting experience by a reporter. The reporter, who spent two and a half hours watching suspects march before Washington, D. C. Superior Court Judge Morton Berg, noted that all but one of these subjects was Black. He stated, ? Â §There is an odd air about the swift afternoon? Xan atmosphere like that of British Africa in colonial times? Xas the procession of tattered, troubled, scowling, poor blacks plead guilty or not guilty to charges of drug possession, drug distribution, assault, armed robbery, theft, breaking in, fraud and arson. According to Hutchinson, the reporter witnessed more than a courtroom scene; he witnessed the legacy of slavery. This paper will attempt expand on Hutchinson? Â ¦s theory. It will do so by first describing slavery and its lasting impact then it will attempt to show how the current criminal justice system mirrors slavery. PART 1: Slavery I. The History of Oppression and African Americans The history of the oppression as it relates to African Americans began in 1619. It was this year in which a Dutch ship brought the first slaves from Africa to North America. Following this arrival of twenty Africans in Virginia, white European-Americans created the institution of slavery. Slavery spread so quickly that by 1860 the original twenty slaves turned into nearly four million. In the beginning the legal status of these Africans was undefined. This absent definition created a lack of certainty which allowed for some slaves to become free after years of service. This only lasted briefly. In the 1660s, however, the colonies began enacting laws that defined and regulated slaves and the institution of slavery. One of the most important of these was the provision that black slaves, and the children of slave women, would serve for life. These ? Â §breeding laws were just the beginning. Soon, slavery in the United States was governed by a body of laws developed from the 1660s to the 1860s. Even though every slave state had its own slave code and case law, it became universal that slavery was a permanent condition. In addition to slavery being a permanent condition, slaves were also, under these laws, considered property. Slaves, being property, could not own property or be a party to a contract. Since marriage is a form of a contract, slave marriages had no legal standing. Most codes also had sections regulating free blacks. Under these codes blacks who were not slaves were still subject to controls on their movements and employment. These laws served not only as a physical limitation, but an ideological one also. In addition to granting slave owners and white people power over slaves and in some cases free blacks, the laws also granted slaveholders and white-Europeans an intangible source of power. Socially, the institution of slavery allowed white slave owners to believe they had not only physical control, but physical and mental superiority over the slaves. With only a few exceptions, all slaves were Africans. This fact placed the label of inferiority on black skin. The actual institution of slavery as it relates to master and slave lasted up in till the Civil war. The American Civil War was fought, in part, over slavery. During the war, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which ? Â §freed all slaves. This seemingly, brought the end of slavery throughout the United States, but unfortunately left a lasting impression. From this point on slavery took on a new form as former slaves being associated with the label of inferiority. II. The lasting effects of slavery: continuous oppression Slavery is defined by Webster? Â ¦s dictionary as ? Â §The state of being under the control of another person . Aalthough the actual physical control and violence supposedly ended after the emancipation proclamation, The intangible theory of supremacy derived from the institution of slavery resulted in many lasting effects. These effects in and of themselves are a form of force, a form slavery. a. The lost sense of culture and cultural pride: Feeling of inferiority Slave drivers made great efforts to eliminate African culture. For instance Africans were beaten if they were caught speaking their native languages or carrying out native rituals . Therefore, they were not able to effectively pass the languages, stories and traditions on to their children. This forced suppression resulted in the loss of verbal records and a rich legacy of history. It is no secret that there is pride in culture. Taking away the culture takes away the pride and the motivation and results in feelings of worthlessness. b. no economic foundation Slave drivers not only attempted to deprive the Africans of there culture and pride, but they successfully robbed them economically. Slaves were forced to work without pay for years while padding the pockets of the slave owners. This deficit of economics resulted in an inability to establish an economic foundation in the United States. c. Unleveled playing field Along with the deprivation of financial resources, another significant factor concerning the state of African Americans is arrested development. Slaves were deprived of opportunities to learn and become more competitive in many areas of society. Black people were not allowed to read or learn to read, so they could not take advantage of written text. All these lasting effects placed blacks in a severely disadvantaged state when slavery was abolished, led a socioeconomic structure in which white people generally held the highest ranks and Black people generally held the lowest ranks. III. Maintaining oppression In order to maintain this socioeconomic structure, there always seems to be a new form of oppression set in place to maintain ? Â §slavery. As if the above detrimental effects of slavery were not enough, the White southerners were anxious to maintain more direct power and control over people with black skin, despite there classification as ? Â §free. The White southerners decided to, again, use the law in order crystallize there theory of inferiority and keep black people at the lowest ranks. In 1865, southerners created Black Codes, which served as a way to control and inhibit the freedom of ex-slaves. These historic Codes controlled almost all aspects of life, and prohibited African Americans from almost all the freedoms that had been won during the Civil War. The codes, which were blatantly racist and oppressive, were eventually suspended in June 1866, during the ? Â §reconstruction era. During this time period in America and despite resistance, African-Americans were slowly becoming part of this nations inclusion. By 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution confirmed the long awaited citizenship for Blacks in America. By 1870, the 15th Amendment was added to the Constitution which made it illegal to deny the right to vote based on race. The Reconstruction era, although short-lived, showed the first real attempts of inclusive freedom for African-Americans since the abolition of slavery. Gains were taking place: Citizenship, Voting, Education, and Politics. But, the underlying desire to have power over those in black skin never subsided. Just like the black Codes, this desire to dominate again manifested itself in another form, Jim Crow Laws. These laws promoted discrimination and the denial of equal protection by law. Just like the codes, they too were eventually abolished. Just like the Codes, Jim Crow laws, the desire of our society to suppress those in black skin will soon take another form. Today that form is the Criminal Justice System. PART 2 The New Age Slavery: The Prison System I. The Prison Institution Prisons are big in the United States. During the past 20 years, the United States experienced a massive increase in incarceration. The prison population increased fourfold, from 330,000 in 1980 to nearly 1. 4 million in 1999, and the incarceration rate increased from about 140 to about 476 per 100,000 resident populations. Today there are more than two million Americans behind bars. But even more startling is the fact that more than one-half of these incarcerated Americans have black skin. Although black Americans only make up about 12% of the US population, they account for more then 30% of all arrests, 44% of all prisoners and 40% of prisoners on death row. II. Race and the Prison System These obvious disparities in the criminal justice system can be attributed to many different things ranging from racial profiling to the lack of opportunity and poor education, but most criminal justice observers believe that these disparities have emerged from the underlying assumptions rooted in slavery. The assumption that slaves were inferior has carried over to today. Currently this theory of inferiority and desire to maintain oppression influences one of the major policies in place attacking African Americans today, the ? Â §war on drugs. Most of the shocking disparities in the criminal Justice System as it relates to African Americans in prison can be attributed to the ? Â §war on drugs. According to a study by Human Rights Watch, African-Americans comprise 62 percent of the drug offenders admitted to state prisons. In seven states, blacks constitute between 80 and 90 percent of all people sent to prison on drug charges. According to studies of the U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, African-Americans constitute 15 percent of the national drug users, but comprise an amazing one-third of all those arrested on drug charges and 57 percent of those convicted on drug charges. The criminal justice system generally, and contemporary crime and drug policies in particular, serve as a means for White America to control the African Americans like they did in the 1600 . III. The lasting oppression Similarly to the black codes and segregation implemented after the abolition of slavery; restrictions are placed on prisoners after they are released. Once a prisoner is released from prison, parole and the bans on public assistance, public housing restrictions, etc. create barriers and a seemingly doomed cycle of dominance. Since half of the prisoners in prison are African American, these barriers, like the lasting effects of slavery, have a disproportionate effect on our black communities. III. The effects of oppression According to the Department of Justice? Â ¦s Bureau of Justice statistics, the number of adults in prison, jail, or on probation or parole reached almost 7 million during 2004. Since Blacks comprise 30 percent of probationers and 41 percent of prisoners. That means around 4,500,000 African Americans are affected directly by the criminal justice system. Unfortunately those African Americans sent to prison or under parole are not the only people affected. The impact on the black community does not stop at the prison door, conversely it goes far beyond. Even after a prisoner is released there are lasting effects to the prisoner, his or her family and the community as a whole. a. Demise of the Black family One effect of the high rate of incarceration of African American males in particular has been the decreasing number of marriageable men in the African American community. Along with high rates of homicide, AIDS-related deaths and other factors, this has created a substantial imbalance in the male-female ratio among adult African Americans. Whereas gender ratios for African Americans at birth are about 102-103 males for every 100 females, by the age range 40-44, this declines to 86 males per 100 females, whereas white rates are 100:100 for this group. b. Lost political voice The impact of the criminal justice system on the black community goes beyond the declining family structure to issues of political influence as well. As a result of laws that disenfranchise felons and ex-felons in various states, an estimated 1. 4 million African American males, or 13% of the black male adult population, is either currently or permanently disenfranchised as a result of a felony conviction. In fourteen states, a felony conviction can result in lifetime disenfranchisement, and in seven of these states, an estimated one in four black males is permanently disenfranchised. Thus, not only are criminal justice policies contributing to the disproportionate incarceration of African Americans, but imprisonment itself then reduces the collective political ability of African Americans to influence these policies. V. Solutions The constant demise in the structure of the black family, lost political influence and seemingly arrested development are all very familiar results of a history of oppression. Since these effects of slavery and disparities in the criminal justice system seemingly steam from hundreds of years ago there is no quick fix. Ideally the answer would lie in the destruction of all prejudice. But, it is impossible to erase the deep seated legacy and resurfacing effects of slavery. Therefore this problem must be attacked from a variety of different angles. Recommendations for change can be considered in the areas of awareness, legislative change, criminal justice officials? Â ¦ initiatives, and criminal justice/community partnerships. The following are some suggested that will allow for a beginning to a seemingly circular and endless problem. 1. Legislative Actions Legislation should be pushed to Reconsider Mandatory Sentencing Policies and Equalize Penalties for Crack and Powder Cocaine . 2. Criminal Justice Officials? Â ¦ Initiatives ?n Criminal Justice Officials should Expand Drug Policy Options And Expand the Use of Alternative Sentencing 3. Criminal Justice/Community Partnerships. The criminal Justice system and the community should attempt to Increase Community-based Diversion from the Criminal Justice System And Strengthen the Link between Communities and the Justice System VI. Closing Oppression in the form of institutionalization is nothing new to those dressed in black skin; it has been present since 1619. In this year Africans were brought to the United States and forced into the institution of slavery. Even after the abolition of slavery, a series of codes and segregation laws were set in place to maintain the suppression of black people because black skin was stigmatized as inferior. Even though the prejudice and biased codes and laws were eventually abolished themselves, this stigma remains. Because this theory of black inferiority was embedded in the American culture due to slavery, various means of oppression are able to continually resurface in different forms. Today that form is Criminal Justice System, more specifically the drug policies. Practically mirroring the institution of slavery, African Americans are being controlled and dominated by this system. Control by the USCJS includes the probation, parole, imprisonment, lost economic power, struggling communities and lost political voice. In order to end this vicious cycle of oppression, action must be taken. First people must be made aware of the disparities. Next those who are made aware must press for legislative change, criminal justice officials? Â ¦ initiatives, and criminal justice/community partnerships. The challenge for the community at large is to engage in broad discussion of the mix of family, community, and government initiatives that can begin to reverse the cycle that has been set in motion in recent years. Let? Â ¦s do what Abraham attempted o do in 1877, let? Â ¦s end this legacy of slavery.

Times Oldest Debate :: essays research papers fc

Time's Oldest Debate Raffikki Period 2 According to recent studies, planet earth formed approximately four and a half billion years ago. Since then, the earth has undergone many evolutionary changes. Earth began as a swirling gas which condensed to create an immense land mass. The ancient earth was basically the same as today's earth except for the environment. The atmosphere of the ancient earth was quite different, containing more carbon and nitrogen gases than oxygen. The former atmosphere is where much of present day organic molecules such as proteins, lipids, and enzymes were created in abundance. By chance or simply because of the laws of nature, those life producing compounds bonded together to create the oldest known life form on earth -- a bacterium. Other life forms evolved from the bacterium through natural selection. These microscopic organisms formed symbiotic relationships with each other and produced larger, multicellular organisms, such as man. It may seem like a gigantic leap, bacterium to man, but given billions of years, it is certainly possible. It is true that The Bible holds certain truths which would imply a reliable source of information; however, some parts of The Bible are not true at all. According to science, life evolved in the following order: bacterium to fish, fish to various land animals, and animals to man. Coincidentally or divinely, The Bible states that God said, "Let the waters teem with fish and other life...let the earth bring forth every kind of animal...Let us make man" (Genesis 1:20-26). The Bible accurately depicts the order in which life was established. But how could the primitive people who wrote The Bible know the order of which life was created without science to aid them? This evidence would stand to prove that The Bible truly is the word of God Himself. However, evolutionists would prefer to believe that the writer of The Bible was an incredible guesser. That is because many parts of The Bible seem to be written based on conjectures of what people of the time thought was correct. An example of this would be from Genesis, "God made two great lights -- the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night" (Genesis 1:16). Obviously the greater light is the sun and the lesser light is the moon; however, the moon is not a light, it is a planet that reflects light. The people who wrote The Bible did not know that the moon was a planet; nor did they know that other planets even existed. So, they described the moon as a source of light just as the sun is a source of light.

My Blankie

My name probably should have been Linus, from The Peanuts, instead of Clara because I packed with my baby blankie everywhere with me until I was eleven years old. The front was turquoise blue with crazy colored jungle animals: there were pink lions, orange elephants, green hippopotamus, yellow monkeys, and purple giraffes. The back was bright orange and it was stuffed with the softest cotton batting. My Grandmother made it for me and from the day I was born it never left my side. My blankie was my best friend, it was always there to make me feel safe, and to protect me at night. Most days we would play dolls together. Then sometimes when I wanted to be a super hero I would tie my blankie around my neck and we would run around the yard. It was even my parachute the day I decided to jump off of the roof of the barn. (That is a long story for a different day). At night when my Mom would tuck me into bed I would snuggle my blankie under my chin; as I was falling asleep I would rub its fluffy softness against my cheek . It was there to protect me from my sister’s scary bedtime stories, thunderstorms, and the monsters under the bed. As long as my blankie was near me, I was invincible. As I grew up I stopped playing with my blankie. Even though I slept with it at night I realized I wasn’t going to be able to keep it with me forever. My sister teased me all the time that only babies sleep with blankies and my Mom kept telling me that I needed to throw that â€Å"old thing† way. By the time I was eleven my blankie was looking pretty worse for wear. The batting was all balled up in clumps and there were holes in it where the material was disintegrating. This is when I finally decided it was time to store my blankie away not because I didn’t need it any more but because I didn’t want to destroy something I loved so much. I really missed my dear friend on the nights when the monsters and thunder storms seemed overwhelming. Unlike Linus, I eventually outgrew my security blanket but I never forgot it. I still have it safely tucked away in a protective box under my bed, along with some other mementos that were important to me growing up. There have been times in my life that it would have been nice to have a built in friend that wouldn’t judge me for the way I looked or leave me behind if we had a disagreement; to have that warm sense of security to cuddle up with at night. If it were within my means I would make blankies for everyone because life is too short to not have one small shred of hope, an ounce of confidence, or a sense of security.

3 Problem Solving Think Sheet for Students