12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America - 275 Words

12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Institution: Instructor: Due date:12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America is an article that has been put forward by Ellis Close. The main objective of the article is to provide the black male population on how to successfully survive and succeed in America. The author commences the feature with imagery where he compares the black male people born in America to individuals who are shackled and challenged to escape. The shackles represents the history of the African American people who were held as slaves in the past (Close 192). According to the author, the modern society of America is not similar to traditional society where the black people were forbidden from expressing their dreams and ambitions and/ or were forced to constant humiliation and taking the inferior roles in all civilized areas. Close further notes that although the trends of the past have changed, this does not insinuate that the African American people are at the verge of att aining it all; rather it means that they have the capacity to develop their own realities unlike their forefathers (Close 192). He likens this state as the difference between an individual entering a battle ring with both hands tied behind their backs (forefathers) and another entering the battle ring with one hand opened free. In his opinion, in order to thrive and survive in such scenario is to ensure the one hand is used twice as well as an op... 12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America - 275 Words 12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Institution: Instructor: Due date:12 Things You Must Know to Survive and Thrive in America is an article that has been put forward by Ellis Close. The main objective of the article is to provide the black male population on how to successfully survive and succeed in America. The author commences the feature with imagery where he compares the black male people born in America to individuals who are shackled and challenged to escape. The shackles represents the history of the African American people who were held as slaves in the past (Close 192). According to the author, the modern society of America is not similar to traditional society where the black people were forbidden from expressing their dreams and ambitions and/ or were forced to constant humiliation and taking the inferior roles in all civilized areas. Close further notes that although the trends of the past have changed, this does not insinuate that the African American people are at the verge of att aining it all; rather it means that they have the capacity to develop their own realities unlike their forefathers (Close 192). He likens this state as the difference between an individual entering a battle ring with both hands tied behind their backs (forefathers) and another entering the battle ring with one hand opened free. In his opinion, in order to thrive and survive in such scenario is to ensure the one hand is used twice as well as an op...

Definition and Examples of Surface Structure in Grammar

In transformational and generative grammar, surface structure is the outward form of a sentence. In contrast to deep structure (an abstract representation of a sentence), surface structure corresponds to the version of a sentence that can be spoken and heard. A modified version of the concept of surface  structure is called  S-structure. In transformational grammar, deep structures are generated by phrase-structure rules, and surface structures are derived from deep structures by a series of transformations. In  The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar  (2014), Aarts et al. point out that, in a looser sense, deep and surface structure are often used as terms in a simple binary opposition, with the deep structure representing  meaning, and the surface structure being the actual sentence we see. The terms  deep structure  and  surface structure  were popularized in the 1960s and 70s by American  linguist  Noam Chomsky. In recent years, notes Geoffrey Finch, the terminology has changed:  Deep and surface structure have become D and S structure, principally because the original terms seemed to imply some sort of qualitative evaluation; deep suggested profound, whilst surface was too close to superficial. Nevertheless, the principles of transformational grammar still remain very much alive in contemporary linguistics (Linguistic Terms and Concepts, 2000). Examples and Observations The surface structure of a sentence is the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to the phonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure of the sentence we articulate and hear. This two-level conception of grammatical structure is still widely held, though it has been much criticized in recent generative studies. An alternative conception is to relate surface structure directly to a semantic level of representation, bypassing deep structure altogether.  The term surface grammar is sometimes used as an informal term for the superficial properties of the sentence.(David Crystal, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6th ed. Wiley, 2011)A deep structure is . . . the underlying form of a sentence, before rules like auxiliary inversion and wh-fronting apply. After all raisings apply, plus relevant morphological and phonological rules (as for forms of do), the result . . . is the linear, con crete, surface structure of sentences, ready to be given phonetic form.(Grover Hudson, Essential Introductory Linguistics. Blackwell, 2000)Surface Structure Cues and StrategiesThe surface structure of the sentence often provides  a number of obvious cues to the underlying syntactic representation. One obvious approach is to use these cues and a number of simple strategies that enable us to compute the syntactic structure. The earliest detailed expositions of this idea were by Bever (1970) and Fodor and Garrett (1967). These researchers detailed a number of parsing strategies that used only syntactic cues. Perhaps the simplest example is that when we see or hear a determiner such as the or a, we know a noun phrase has just started. A second example is based on the observation that although word order is variable in English, and transformations such as passivization can change it, the common structure noun-verb-noun often maps on to what is called the  canonical sentence structure SVO (subject-verb-object). That is, in most sentences we hear or read, the first noun is the subject, and the second one the object.  In fact, if we made use of this strategy we could get a long way in comprehension. We try the simpler strategies first, and if they do not work, we try other ones.(Trevor A. Harley,  The Psychology of Language: From Data to Theory,  4th ed. Psychology Press,  2014)Chomsky on Deep and Surface Structures[T]he generative grammar of a language specifies an infinite set of structural descriptions, each of which contains a deep structure, a surface structure, a phonetic representation, a semantic representation, and other formal structures. The rules relating deep and surface structures--the so-called grammatical transformations--have been investigated in some detail, and are fairly well understood. The rules that relate surface structures and phonetic representations are also reasonably well understood (though I do not want to imply that the matte r is beyond dispute: far from it). It seems that both deep and surface structures enter into the determination of meaning. Deep structure provides the grammatical relations of predication, modification, and so on, that enter into the determination of meaning. On the other hand, it appears that matters of focus and presupposition, topic and comment, the scope of logical elements, and pronominal reference are determined, in part at least, by surface structure. The rules that relate syntactic structures to representations of meaning are not at all well understood. In fact, the notion of representation of meaning or semantic representation is itself highly controversial. It is not clear at all that it is possible to distinguish sharply between the contribution of grammar to the determination of meaning, and the contribution of so-called pragmatic considerations, questions of fact and belief and context of utterance.(Noam Chomsky, lecture given in January 1969 at Gustavus Adolphus Colleg e in Minnesota. Rpt. in Language and Mind, 3rd ed. Cambridge University  Press, 2006)

George Washington Man, Myth, Legend Essay - 1193 Words

From cutting a cherry tree at the age of six to being the first president of the United States George Washington was a very influential man throughout his career. The topics of discussion will be his life before, during, and after his career, his major events, and the effects of his major events on the world. There shall be three subtopics amongst each main topic. For the first section, the subtopics are the importance of his birthdate and birthplace, childhood life, and his education. The second section’s subtopics will consist of the hardships and prospering of the American Revolution, the major battles of the American Revolution that George Washington was a major part of, and his presidency. And finally, the three subtopics used in†¦show more content†¦By the year 1776, George Washington had already become an American general and was placed in command of his own battalion of soldiers that he had fought with for many years. Therefore, during the American Revol ution, George Washington’s men had become very loyal to him and stuck with him in hardships even after being offered to go home. Most soldiers would have agreed to leave then and there, but not this courageous general’s soldiers. Although, it was not just George that had loyal men but George had managed to have the most loyal men in the Continental Army. After the beginning of the American Revolution, the Continental Army had been taking a beating from the British Army. Now, there were some major battles during the American Revolution, some of which was the Battle of Chelsea Creek, the Battle of Long Island, and the Battle of White Plains. The Battle of Chelsea Creek had a force of nine-hundred soldiers for America, led by George Washington himself, suffered from a miniscule zero dead, four wounded, and zero captured by the British. Even though the British didn’t suffer major casualties either, however, there casualties were two dead, 32 wounded, and zero captured. Now, this battle didn’t have many major fatalities, the Americans were able to push the British out of the area. However, this is where the tide changes for the first time. For theShow MoreRelated St. George Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesSt. George Saint George is both man and myth. He is considered â€Å"The Great Martyr† by the Greek Orthodox Church. He, in fact, did exist, and his chivalric character led to the allegorical fable of his slaying of the great dragon. There are no known birth or death dates for Saint George, but it is known that he was born in Cappadocia in Asia Minor, which is now Turkey, into a Christian family of noble lineage. 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The reelection of Abraham Lincoln in 1864 as President of the United States was one of the most significant events, yet the motivations that led to those actions and ideasRead MoreAmerican Treatment of Native Americans Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pageshow Americans split the Indians into small areas by isolating them and overran the land. Many Americans believed the murder of Indians in order to rid white men of the burden of red men was right and justified. This was best described in George Washington Manypenny’s book, Our Indian Wards, where he stated, â€Å"All Indian men are to be killed whenever and wherever you can find them† (177). When a tribe was destroyed, the conquerors would take the land and add the land to his country, such as what

Shouldice Hospital Case Solution Essay Example For Students

Shouldice Hospital Case Solution Essay Q. What are the unique features of Shouldice’s services, as compared to that of a typical hospital? A. The hospital focused on this new procedure for treatment of external types of abdominal hernias. Some differentiating features of the Shouldice process were the arranging of abdominal muscles into three distinct layers, reinforcing the abdominal wall with six rows of sutures and did not involve any insertion of screen and mesh under the skin. Beyond the surgical procedure, it was the service process of the hospital that differentiated it from others. †¢The patients were sedated in their rooms prior to being taken to the operating rooms. The hospital encouraged the patients to explore the premises, talk to other people about their problems and make new friends during their stay. †¢The patients were encouraged to move around freely even right after the operation. Lack of telephones or televisions in their rooms also encouraged patients to move about to take a call or watch television. †¢ Every square foot of the hospital was carpeted except the operating rooms to give a unique experience to the patients. Ministers were treated for free and parents accompanying children were allowed free stay. The unique process followed by the hospital helps it to better serve its patients. While the typical recurrence rate for the hernia approaches 10%, the gross recurrence rate for all operations performed at Shouldice was only 0. 8%. The average patient stay at Shouldice was 3-4 days, which was way below the normal 7-8 days for general hospitals. The patients needed 1-4 weeks of rest compared with 2-8 weeks for the general procedure. Compared with the $2,000-4,000 cost of the operation in general, the cost of the entire procedure at Shouldice was only around $900 (excluding travel). The customer orientation was rounded off by an annual reunion in mid-January where the doctors provided free checkup to its alumni. The medical staff was unique in the sense that most doctors were interested in having balanced personal and professional lives. Also, any doctor who patient returned with recurrence was asked to look into the case again. The nurse-to-patient ratio and housekeeping staff was low since patients needed minimal physical assistance. Employee turnover was also low since the hospital cared for its employees by not laying off anyone and giving bonuses. The administrative staff had working knowledge of others’ tasks and helped each other out whenever needed. Using the concept of Customer-Contact Matrix, we believe that Shouldice Hospital fits into the Hybrid Office Category. The three main characteristics of a Hybrid Office have been briefly explained in light of Shouldice Hospital’s features: †¢A Hybrid Office has moderate levels of customer contact and standard services with some options from which the customer chooses. In Shouldice, the doctors and administrative staff, though highly supportive of the patients, still spent much of their time in activities not involving interaction with the patient. †¢The workflow is complex and some customization exists in the process performance. To elaborate, every patient is unique and treatment requires some degree of customization to take this uniqueness into consideration. Further, there are 2 types of procedures depending on whether the case is a first-time case or a recurrence. †¢The sub-processes are repeated periodically as part of the parent process. For instance, patients exercise repeatedly and periodically at Shouldice as a part of their treatment process. Further special features include: †¢The treatment technique used for Hernia was much superior compared to others and included recreational activities that encouraged healthy environment for the patients’ quick recovery. The way the hospital handled patients is another feature. At all points of patient contact, hospital staff would be encouraging and improve the morale of the patient. They would be motivated to exercise by nurses and housekeepers. The hospital’s administrative structure was such nearly everyone had a working knowledge of others’ tasks and helped each other out rather than being involved in only specific tasks, unlike in other hospitals. The hospital’s concern for employees reflected in its low turnover also keeps employees and therefore patients satisfied. The facility, designed by Dr. Byrnes Shouldice, ensured that patients would have to walk and be mobile. Further, efforts were taken to ensure that the place did not seem like a hospital but had a more positive image in the eyes of the patients. Q. As Dr. Shouldice, what actions, if any, would you take to expand the hospital’s capacity? We describe the processes in an average day at Shouldice: PATIENT’S AVERAGE DAY- morning (6:45 am- 12:30 pm) Starting time: 6:45 am 7:25- 7:30 am 8:25am PATIENT’S AVERAGE DAY- afternoon (1 pm- 4 pm) CAPACITY CALCULATIONS Humanities Through the Arts: Artistic Criticism EssayThe hospital will be able to handle the problems of patients going to unqualified doctors since it will give such patients the option of coming directly to them. The service quality of the hospital cannot be maintained if it increases capacity at its current site and hence it must look to setup new facilities to maintain its standards and service more patients closer to their home. The capital cost incurred by the hospital can also be recovered within a period of 4 years by a small increase that the US patients were paying anyway. We feel that the management of Shouldice hospital should go with this option.